Understanding the German University System

The German higher education system works differently from systems in India, the UK or the USA. Knowing the basics before you apply will help you choose the right type of institution, understand the academic calendar and be ready for the way courses are taught.

Types of Higher Education Institutions

• Universities (Universitäten): Research-oriented institutions offering a broad range of subjects and degrees up to the doctorate. This includes the technical universities. Read about the leading ones in TU9 universities in Germany.
• Universities of Applied Sciences (Hochschulen für Angewandte Wissenschaften / Fachhochschulen): Practice-oriented, with smaller classes, projects and internships built into the program.
• Colleges of art, film and music: Specialist institutions with their own admission procedures, often including portfolios or auditions.
• Private universities: They charge tuition fees. See public vs private universities for a Masters in Germany.

Degrees and ECTS Credits

Most programs follow the Bologna system. A Bachelor's degree usually takes six to eight semesters (180 to 240 ECTS credits), and a Master's takes two to four semesters (60 to 120 ECTS credits). One academic year corresponds to about 60 ECTS credits. Some subjects, such as medicine and law, still end with a state examination instead.

The Academic Year

The year is split into two semesters:

• Winter semester: October to March, with lectures from about mid-October to February. This is the main intake for most programs.
• Summer semester: April to September, with lectures from April to July. Fewer programs admit students for this intake. Compare them in winter vs summer intake.

How Teaching and Exams Work

• Lectures are large sessions where the professor presents the material.
• Seminars and tutorials are smaller groups for discussion, presentations and exercises.
• Independent study is expected. Attendance is often not checked, but you are responsible for keeping up.
• Exams take place at the end of the semester and may be written, oral or project-based. Many programs limit how often you can retake a failed exam.

Costs and Student Services

Most public universities charge no tuition, but each semester you pay a contribution (typically €100 to €350) that covers student services and often a local transport ticket. Learn more in Is education really free in Germany?.

Applying as an International Student

Many universities process international applications through uni-assist, while others use their own portal. Your previous degree must be recognised, which you can check using anabin. For the full process, see our complete guide to a Masters in Germany.

Need Help With Your Germany Application?

Choosing universities, writing a strong SOP and getting the APS right all have to happen in the right order. EasyWay Germany's consultants live in Dresden and have helped students from India, Bangladesh and Nepal with university shortlisting, SOP and LOR writing, and CV preparation. Explore our study in Germany services or book a free consultation.